Buddhism teaches the practice of compassionate acts. Compassionate acts may be large or small, benefit many people or benefit a single person, require a lot of effort and money or be easily and freely given. Examples of compassionate acts include donating to a charity, volunteering for a group that helps others, comforting someone who is upset, listening to a person who needs to talk, offering words of encouragement to someone who is facing a difficult situation, and engaging in small acts of kindness during everyday life.
Compassionate acts reduce suffering and promote well-being. They are an important way for me to fulfill my ethical commitments.
Compassionate acts help people satisfy their basic needs. People share similar basic needs.2-4
People need clothing and shelter.
People need physical and mental health.
People need safety from threats and dangers.
People need friendship and a sense of belonging.
People need to feel their lives are worthwhile.
When people’s basic needs are not satisfied, they suffer. Other people want to avoid suffering, just as I do. When people’s basic needs are satisfied, they experience happiness. Other people want to experience happiness, just as I do.
Compassion has four elements.
- Being aware of suffering. I cannot offer compassion if I am unaware of suffering. I cannot offer compassion if I turn away from suffering or ignore suffering.
- Wanting to help others alleviate their suffering. I cannot offer compassion if I do not care that other people are suffering. The empathy that I experience when I observe other people suffer motivates me to at least try to alleviate their suffering.
- Learning how to help other people. Helping other people requires me to learn about them. I need to learn when other people want my help and when they do not want my help. I need to learn how other people prefer to have their basic needs satisfied. I need to learn what abilities, strengths, and limitations other people possess. This process of learning never ends. There is always more to learn about other people.
- Taking action to alleviate the suffering of other people. The actions I take to help alleviate a person’s suffering can take many forms: being present, listening, comforting, encouraging, accompanying, helping, sharing, and giving. My actions to alleviate suffering are most effective when I behave naturally, as myself. Being my authentic self results in honest and trusting interactions that improve my ability to help.
- Sharon Salzberg (2011). Lovingkindness. Boston, MA: Shambhala Publications. Kindle Edition. Quote taken from page 107.
- Larry Litwack (2007). Basic Needs – A Retrospective. International Journal of Reality Therapy, 24: 28-30.
- Mark Koltko-Rivera (2006). Rediscovering the Later Version of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: Self-Transcendence and Opportunities for Theory, Research, and Unification. Review of General Psychology, 10: 302–317.
- Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117: 497-529.

